Functional Traits Mediate the Natural Enemy Response to Land Use at the Local Scale

Arthropods are key nodes for the provision of ecosystem services such as pest control, but their response to land-use change is highly variable depending on scale analysis and natural enemies’ life histories. We evaluate effects landscape- local-scale variables communities small-scale agriculture. consider functional traits attain a mechanistic understanding effect changes biodiversity resilience communities. Predator parasitoid arthropods were collected from thirteen raspberry farms estimate diversity, complementarity, redundancy indices. found no landscape heterogeneity, local habitat, or management practices diversity. Regarding resilience, complementarity was high at most sites not affected by variables. However, two practices. Weed control decreased abundance well walker generalist predators flying specialist parasitoids, while habitat richness predators. These results highlight importance when matrix heterogeneous. conclude that agriculture in heterogeneous supports functionally diverse enemy community, potentially promoting change.